SAP ABAP Enhancement Interview Questions: Essential Tips and Tricks for Enhancement

 

Expert Tips for SAP ABAP Enhancement Interviews:

1. Thoroughly understand the different types of ABAP enhancements and their use cases in SAP. #
2. Practice creating BADIs, implementing function modules, and using Enhancement Framework in ABAP to demonstrate your hands-on skills.
3. Familiarize yourself with the concept of user exits, Enhancement Spots, and customer exits in SAP, and be able to explain their purpose and implementation steps.
4. Research the specific enhancements used in the SAP system of the company you're applying to and be prepared to discuss them in the interview.
5. Emphasize your experience with ABAP enhancements and real-world examples of how you have implemented them in your previous projects.
6. Highlight your problem-solving and analytical skills by discussing how you have resolved issues related to ABAP enhancements in the past.
7. Stay updated with the latest SAP ABAP enhancement trends and best practices to showcase your industry knowledge and expertise.

1) What are Enhancements, what are the various techniques, and how do you explain them?

Ans:- Enhancements are used to add some additional customer-specific functionality to the standard applications/programs.

1. Customer Exits: These are the Function Modules available in most functional areas such as SD, MM, FICO, etc. They are used to add additional functionalities to the standard applications/programs without using an access key to break them. #

➢ Field Exits: These are used to change the field labels of the standard data elements.

➢ Function Exits: These are used to add additional functionality to the standard programs without breaking them. Each Function Exit contains a custom including a program that starts with Z* to implement the customer-specific additional business logic. The Function Exit is the 3-digit no which is called using the ABAP statement CALL CUSTOMER_FUNCTION.

➢ Menu Exits: These are used to add custom-specific menu items & corresponding additional functionality based on the selected menu item.

➢ Screen Exits: These are used to add the additional screen elements & the corresponding additional functionality to the standard screens/transaction.

➢ T-Code SMOD: It is used to find the customer exits of the standard package.

➢ T-code CMOD: It is used to assign an enhancement/exit to a project.

2. User Exits: These are the Sub-routines that start with USEREXIT_*& these are defined in the standard Include programs. They are mostly used in SD functional areas.#

3. BTE (Business Transaction Events): These are the Source code plug-ins to add additional functionality to the standard program..

#

4. Enhancement Framework: The enhancement framework is advanced to user exits for adding an additional functionality without breaking the standard programs. It is used to attach/hook the source code plug-ins such as enhancement sections or enhancement points in the standard programs.

In User-exits we write code only in the form routines(ie., in Form...End Form). and When we go to upgrade the versions, we again need to change the code in the user-exit which was written in previous versions but with an Enhancement Framework, there is not much code change required when we go for upgrades.

 BADI: These are new enhancement techniques to add additional customer-specific business logic to the standard programs.

2) What are the several ways to find the Exits?

Ans:-

i) Using the T-code SE84

➢ Find the package name of the required T-code.

➢ Execute the T-code SE84.

➢ Expand the Enhancement folder

➢ Double-click on enhancements

➢ Enter the required package name/Exit name

➢ Click on execute icon

ii) Using the Find function in standard programs

iii) Using the standard Tables MODSAP & MODACT

3) What are the types of Enhancement Frameworks?

Ans:

➢ It is an advanced enhancements concept introduced from version ECC6.

➢ It is used to attach/hook the source code plug-ins such as enhancements section or enhancement points in the standard programs.

➢ There are 2 types of enhancement frameworks.

1.#

 2. Explicit Enhancement Section/Point: They are pre-coded by SAP & provided at the specific location in the standard programs. 

There are 2 types of Explicit Enhancement.

➢ Enhancement-Section: It is used to copy, and change the existing standard source code & add additional business logic to the standard program. The ABAP statement ENHANCEMENT-SECTION is used to specify the Enhancement Sections.

➢ Enhancement-Point: It is used to add additional customer-specific business logic to the standard program.

4) What are the distinctions or differences between customer and user exits?

5) What Transaction Codes are associated with BADIs?

Ans:-

T-code SE18 & SE19: are used to work with the BADIs

T-code SE18: used to define the BADI

T-code SE19: used to implement the BADI

6) What are the types & subtypes of BADIs and explain them?

Ans:- It is used to add additional customer-specific business logic to the standard programs.

1. Classic/Old BADI: These are mostly used in functional areas like SD, MM, and FI/CO. The standard method GET_INSTANCE of the standard class CL_EXIT_HANDLER is used to work with the classic BADI.

2. Kernel/New BADI: #

GET BADI: This statement is used to generate a new BADI object & sets the BADI reference to the objects in the BADI reference variables.

CALL BADI: This statement is used to call the Methods of the New BADIs.

Subtypes:

a. Single-use BADI: The single-use BADI can’t be implemented multiple times. This BADI can

have only one implementation.

b. Multiple-use BADI: The multiple-use BADIs can’t be implemented multiple times.

c. Filter Dependent BADI: It is used to control the BADI implementation based on the specified filter value. The system generates an Import parameter ‘FLT_VAL’ to pass the filter values for controlling the business logic of the BADI implementation.

7)What is the FALL BACK class in BADI?

Ans:- If a BADI has no active implementations, the program goes running time error. The Fall back classes are used to call the default methods in case of a BADI doesn’t have any active Implementations.

➢ The exceptions can also be raised to avoid such kinds of errors.

8) What is the distinction or difference between Exits and BADIs?

Ans:-

9) What are the ways to find BADIs?

Ans:-

• Most of the Standard BADIs are classic BADIs.
• They are used to add additional customer-specific functionality/business logic to the standard programs/T-codes.

There are 4 ways to find the BADIs

I. Using the standard class CL_EXITHANDLER

➢ Execute the T-code: SE24 to maintain the global class.

➢ Enter the standard class name CL_EXITHANDLER

➢ Click on the display button.

➢ Double-click on the method GET_INSTANCE

➢ Set a session breakpoint on the method GET_CLASS_NAME_BY_INTERFACE

➢ Execute the required functional T-code Ex: MM02

➢ Perform the required action Ex: save material

➢ Double-click on a passing parameter (EXT_NAME) to list out the corresponding

BADI. Ex: BADI_MATERAIL_CHECK

II. Using the T-code SE84

III. Using the T-code ST05 (SQL Tracer)

IV. Using the T-code SPRO

10) What are the distinctions between Classic (Old) and New (Kernel) BADI?

Ans:-

11) What statements should not be used in Exits and BADIs?

Ans:- The ABAP statements COMMIT work & ROLLBACK work should not be used in EXITS. The ABAP statements STOP & EXIT are also not advisable.

12) What are the Enhancement Spots?

Ans:-

➢ The enhancement spots are used to manage explicit enhancement options which means you can add your code in standard ABAP code without the need for an access key, which implies that the standard code is not disturbed.

➢ Enhancement spots specify the places where we can add our code in standard SAP. Each enhancement spot element definition must be assigned to at least one enhancement spot.

13) What are the steps to insert the Enhancement Spot and work?

Ans:

➢ Implicit enhancement spots are available in every program on some predefined spots at the beginning of FM, end of FM, beginning of some event, and so on. It means that you can easily modify any program, FM, or subroutine with some limitations.

➢ If you want to see all implicit spots in the program,

go toSE80 -> Edit -> Enhancement Operations -> Show Implicit Enhancement Options

14)How can you debug an Enhancement Spot in SAP ABAP?

Ans:

To debug an Enhancement Spot in SAP ABAP, follow these steps:

• Identify the relevant Enhancement Spot and the associated Enhancement.
• Set a breakpoint in the Enhancement code using the ABAP debugger.
• Trigger the business process or event that activates the Enhancement Spot in the system.
• The debugger will stop at the breakpoint in the Enhancement code, allowing you to step through the code, analyze variables, and troubleshoot any issues. Once the debugging is complete, remove the breakpoint to resume normal system operation.

15)What are the advantages of using an implicit enhancement over an explicit enhancement in SAP ABAP?

Ans:

Some advantages of using an implicit enhancement over an explicit enhancement in SAP ABAP include:

• Implicit enhancements do not require any modification of the standard SAP code, making them upgrade-safe and easier to maintain.
• Implicit enhancements provide more flexibility in terms of where the enhancement code can be inserted, allowing for more granular customization options.
• Implicit enhancements do not require any explicit activation or deactivation, as they are automatically executed by the system based on predefined conditions.
• Implicit enhancements can be used in cases where explicit enhancements are not possible or not recommended, such as in standard SAP programs or when dealing with certain objects or interfaces.

16)How do you handle multiple Enhancement Spots with conflicting logic in SAP ABAP?

Ans:

When dealing with multiple Enhancement Spots with conflicting logic in SAP ABAP, you can follow these steps:

• Identify the conflicting Enhancement Spots and their Enhancements.

• Analyze the requirements and priorities of each Enhancement Spot and Enhancement.

• Use the Adjust Enhancement Spot (SPAU_ENH) transaction to manually adjust the conflicting Enhancements and resolve the conflicts.

• If needed, consult with functional consultants or team members to determine the appropriate resolution strategy, such as modifying the logic or combining the Enhancements.

• Test the adjusted Enhancements thoroughly to ensure they are working as expected and do not cause any unintended consequences.